Description
CBC (includes Differential and Platelets) - A complete blood count is used as a screening test for various disease states to include: anemia, leukemia and inflammatory processes. It is usually ordered as part of a routine health exam and measures the levels of red and white blood cells and platelets. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) test gives an overall view of general health by measuring the health of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These cells, respectively, provide oxygen to various tissues and organs, help the immune system fight off infections, and assist in the formation of blood clots and the regeneration of new tissues.
This test includes WBC, RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, Platelet Count, MPV and Differential (Absolute and Percent - Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, and Basophils).If abnormal cells are noted on a manual review of the peripheral blood smear or if the automated differential information meets specific criteria, a full manual differential will be performed.Platelet Count - Identifies the amount of platelets in the blood. Platelets are used to help form blood clots and regenerate new tissue.
Differential (Absolute and Percent – Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, and Basophils)
A complete cholesterol test is also called a lipid panel or lipid profile. Doctor can use it to measure the amount of “good” and “bad” cholesterol and triglycerides, a type of fat, in your blood. Cholesterol is a soft, waxy fat that your body needs to function properly. The Lipid Panel, Standard measures serum cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels; it includes evaluation of the cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (calculated), HDL-C, LDL-C (calculated), non-HDL-C (calculated), total cholesterol, and TG. Comprehensive lipid assessment aids in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk and the likelihood of suffering an ischemic event. It is also useful for the prevention and management of atherosclerotic disease, as well as the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. The risk of developing CVD and having an ischemic event is significantly increased in individuals with high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and TG levels. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that Americans aged 20 and above have their lipid levels tested every 4 to 6 years. Children should have their cholesterol tested for the first time between ages 9 and 11, and again between ages 17 and 21. Testing should start earlier if there is family history of high cholesterol.
The AHA recommends repeat measurement of LDL-C within 4 to 12 weeks of starting or changing lipid-lowering therapy, to assess response and adherence, and then every 3 to 12 months as appropriate Treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for acetaminophen overdose may generate a falsely low result for cholesterol. Venipuncture immediately after or during administration of the painkiller metamizole (dipyrone) may also lead to falsely low results for cholesterol. Lipid Panel, Standard test includes Cholesterol – Total, Triglycerides ,HDL Cholesterol ,LDL-Cholesterol (calculated) , Cholesterol/HDL Ratio (calculated) and Non-HDL Cholesterol (calculated)
The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test is a group of 17 specific tests designed to provide an overview of the functioning status of our vital organs and bodily fluids. It evaluates the status of your kidneys, liver, and electrolyte and acid/base balance, as well as of your blood sugar and blood proteins. The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test is useful in helping to diagnose certain conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease and hypertension. The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test aids in determining how the liver and kidneys are functioning and where glucose, calcium, protein, sodium, potassium, and chloride levels stand.
Individual tests as part of Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test are Albumin, Albumin/Globulin Ratio (calculated), Alkaline Phosphatase, ALT, AST, BUN/Creatinine Ratio (calculated), Calcium, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride, Creatinine with GFR Estimated, Globulin (calculated), Glucose, Potassium, Sodium, Total Bilirubin, Total Protein and Urea Nitrogen. The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel is a type of test that looks at your blood and measures its glucose levels, the balance of electrolytes and fluid, the kidney function, and the liver function.
The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test can be used to diagnose diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney disease, liver disease, hypertension, or it is often just used as part of a regular health examination. Doctors generally recommend that a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel test be included as part of one’s annual health checkup in order to keep tabs on one’s overall health and any red flags that could indicate a new or developing health condition.
Cortisol, A.M. - Cortisol is increased in Cushing`s Disease and decreased in Addison`s Disease (adrenal insufficiency).
Assay is not recommended when patient is receiving prednisone/prednisolone therapy due to cross reactivity with the antibody used in this assay.
Cortisol is the most leading glucocorticosteroid and it is very much neccessary for the maintenance of several body functions. Like any other glucocorticosteroids cortisol is synthesized from the common precursor cholesterol in zona fasciculata of the cortex of the adrenal gland. about 90% of cortisol is bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and to albumin for the easy transport of cortisol in blood. Only a small amount of cortisol is not bounded in blood and is free to touch base with its receptors.
Cortisol, also called as hydrocortisone is an organic compound belonging to the steroid family that is the main hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid in humans. It has two primary actions like it stimulates gluconeogenesis—the breakdown of protein and fat to provide metabolites which can be converted to glucose in the liver and it activates anti-inflammatory and antistree pathways.Cortisol plays a major role in the body response to stress. It helps to maintain blood glucose concentrations by increasing gluconeogenesis and by blocking the uptake of glucose into tissues other than the central nervous system.
The most important effects of cortisol are the increase in blood glucose levels and its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action including pituitary overproduction of ACTH, adrenal adenomas, production of ACTH by a tumor. The cortisol status of a patient is used to diagnose the function or malfunction of the adrenal gland, the pituitary, and the hypothalamus.
A nodule in the adrenal gland or a tumor in the brain’s pituitary gland can trigger the body to make too much cortisol. This can cause a condition called Cushing syndrome. It can lead to rapid weight gain, bruise skin, diabetes, muscle weakness, and many other health problems.
Addison`s disease which is known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism is a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones. If the level is too low the brain adjusts the amount of hormones it can produce. The adrenal glands pick up on these signals and they modify the amount of cortisol which is release.
Estradiol, Ultrasensitive, LC/MS - Diagnostic applications of estradiol assays include assessment of ovarian function in a wide variety of situations (menstrual disorders, precocious or delayed puberty, assisted reproduction protocols). For men, estradiol measurement may be useful in the evaluation of gynecomastia.
The Estradiol test measures the circulating levels of estradiol which is important for assessing the ovarian function and monitoring follicular development for assisted reproduction protocols. Estradiol plays an essential role throughout the human menstrual cycle. Elevated estradiol levels in females may also result from primary or secondary ovarian hyperfunction.
Estradiol is also called 17 beta-estradiol. The ovaries, breasts, and adrenal glands make estradiol. During pregnancy, the placenta also makes estradiol.
Estradiol helps with the growth and development of female sex organs, including the uterus,fallopian tubes,vagina and breasts.Estradiol helps to control the way fat is distributed in the female body. It’s also essential for bone and joint health in females.
Estradiol testing is done to look for causes of abnormal menstrual periods,abnormal vaginal bleeding and infertility in women.During and after menopause, a woman’s body will gradually produce less estrogen and estradiol, contributing to the symptoms experienced during menopause. A test of your estradiol level can help to prepare to enter menopause.Estradiol test can also indicate how well the ovaries are working
Males also have estradiol in their bodies. Their levels of estradiol are lower than the levels in females. In males, the adrenal glands and testes make estradiol. In men testosterone levels decrease while their estrogen levels increase as they age. High estrogen levels in men contribute to prostate cancer, heart disease, loss of muscle mass, fatigue, low libido, erectile dysfunction.Estradiol has been shown in vitro to prevent destruction of sperm cells, but its clinical importance in sexual function and development in men is likely less significant than in women.
Reference Range(s)
Adult
Male =29 pg/mL
Female
Follicular Stage 39-375 pg/mL
Luteal Stage 48-440 pg/mL
Postmenopausal =10 pg/mL
Pediatric Male
(pg/mL) Female
(pg/mL)
Pre-pubertal (1-9 Years) =4 =16
10-11 Years =12 =65
12-14 Years =24 =142
15-17 Years =31 =283
