Description
TSH stands for thyroid stimulating hormone. A TSH test is a blood test that measures this hormone. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located near your throat and the hormone made by it regulates the way your body uses energy.TSH is produced by the pituitary gland in your brain. This gland tells your thyroid to make and release the thyroid hormones into your blood.A TSH test is done to find out if your thyroid gland is working the way it should. Either it is overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism).
The test can also detect a thyroid disorder before you have any symptoms. If untreated, a thyroid disorder can cause health problems. This test can be performed at any time during the day. No preparation is needed (such as overnight fasting)and just require a small prick from the needle in your arm . The Thyroid Profile with TSH measures thyroid function, which regulates your metabolism and your body`s ""thermostat"". Significant deviations from the normal range may require further evaluation by your physician.
For differential diagnosis of primary, secondary, and tertiary hypothyroidism. Also useful in screening for hyperthyroidism. This assay allows adjustment of exogenous thyroxine dosage in hypothyroid patients and in patients on suppressive thyroxine therapy for thyroid neoplasia. The TSH test monitors thyroid function and diagnoses thyroid disorders, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. A significant deviation from the normal range may require further evaluation by your physician.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein that is produced by the prostate gland, the lining of the urethra, and the bulbourethral gland. Normally, very little PSA is secreted in the blood. Increases in glandular size and tissue damage caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis, or prostate cancer may increase circulating PSA levels.Elevated serum PSA concentrations have been reported in men with prostate cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and inflammatory conditions of the prostate.
Higher total PSA levels and lower percentages of free PSA are associated with higher risks of prostate cancer.Most prostate cancers are slow growing, so the utility of prostate cancer screening is marginal in most men with a life expectancy of less than 10 years.When total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration is below 2.0 ng/mL, the probability of prostate cancer in asymptomatic men is low, further testing and free PSA may provide little additional information. When total PSA concentration is above 10.0 ng/mL, the probability of cancer is high and prostate biopsy is generally recommended.The total PSA range of 4.0 to 10.0 ng/mL has been described as a diagnostic "gray zone," in which the free:total PSA ratio helps to determine the relative risk of prostate cancer . Therefore, some urologists recommend using the free:total ratio to help select which men should undergo biopsy. However, even a negative result of prostate biopsy does not rule-out prostate cancer. Up to 20% of men with negative biopsy results have subsequently been found to have cancer.
A total PSA test measures all the PSA, including the antigens that are bound and those that are floating freely.A free PSA test only measures the amount of PSA that is floating freely in the bloodstream, without being bound to a different protein.Both tests are used to diagnose prostate issues. A person may have an increased risk of prostate cancer when they have higher levels of total PSA and lower levels of free PSA.Total PSA ranges may vary slightly. According to a review of studies, the normal ranges for total PSA in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) are:
age 49 or younger: 0.0–2.5 ng/mL
age 50 to 59: 0.0–3.5 ng/mL
age 60 to 69: 0.0–4.5 ng/mL
age 70 or older: 0.0–6.5 ng/mL
When total PSA levels are higher than the appropriate range, a person has an increased risk for prostate cancer. It does not show conclusively that a person has cancer. Hence comparison of the results of this test with results of a free PSA test can lead to proper conclusion.
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid. This testosterone blood test measures the total amount of testosterone that is bound to proteins in the blood as well as testosterone that is not bound (free testosterone). For men, this test evaluates testicular function where obesity, liver or thyroid disorders may change the testosterone binding proteins. In male , testosterone have a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues like prostate and testes , as well as promoting secondary sexual habits.
Test Includes:
Testosterone, Total, Males (Adult), Immunoassay
Albumin
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Testosterone, Free and Bioavailable (calculated)
Patient Preparation
Testosterone, Total, Males (Adult), Immunoassay: Due to changes in testosterone levels throughout the day, two morning (8:00-10:00 a.m.) specimens obtained on different days are recommended by The Endocrine Society for screening.
Reference Range(s)
Testosterone, Total, Males (Adult), Immunoassay
Male 250-827 ng/dL
Female Not applicableAll test requests for Testosterone on female and pediatric (18 years) patients must use test code 15983 - Testosterone, Total, MS.
Albumin 3.6-5.1 g/dL
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
Age Male (nmol/L) Female (nmol/L)
3 Years Not established Not established
3-9 Years 32-158 32-158
10-13 Years 20-166 24-120
14-17 Years 20-87 12-150
18-55 Years 10-50 17-124
55 Years 22-77 14-73
Free Testosterone
Age Male (pg/mL) Female
18-69 Years 46.0-224.0 Not applicable
69 Years 6.0-73.0 Not applicableBioavailable Testosterone
Age Male (ng/dL) Female
18-69 Years 110.0-575.0 Not applicable
69 Years 15.0-150.0 Not applicable
Testosterone is the major androgenic hormone. It is responsible for the development of the male external genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics. In females, its main role is as an estrogen precursor. In both genders, it also exerts anabolic effects and influences behavior.
